Assisted immigrants<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Some immigrants paid for their own passages, but many had their fares paid by colonisation companies or the government. They travelled in steerage \u2013 a low-ceilinged space beneath the main deck. Those paying their own way were usually in \u2018second\u2019 or \u2018intermediate\u2019 cabins, or in a saloon cabin below the poop deck, at the stern. In 1866 the cheapest saloon fare was more than three times that of steerage. Steerage passengers generally outnumbered those in the cabins by 10 to 1.Class distinctions<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Britain\u2019s class distinctions continued on board. Privileged cabin passengers enjoyed more space, privacy and better food. When the\u00a0Otago<\/em>\u00a0paused at the island of Madeira in 1879, fresh fruit was brought on board, but it was \u2018all for the cabin\u2019. Down in steerage, class resentment sometimes simmered. One reason given by the surgeon of the\u00a0Christian McAusland<\/em>\u00a0(1872) for keeping cabin passengers off emigrant ships was that \u2018an ignorant and unreasoning lot of agricultural people are made doubly discontented and dissatisfied at only viewing the cabin victuals, livestock and fresh meat etc. which they are unable to obtain\u2019.\u00a01<\/sup><\/p>\n <\/p>\n However, on many ships rigid class distinctions began to break down, anticipating New Zealand\u2019s more fluid class structure. Some cabin passengers mingled with those in steerage. The explorer and writer Samuel Butler formed a choir on the\u00a0Roman Emperor<\/em>\u00a0through which, he said, he was \u2018glad \u2026 to form the acquaintance of many of the poorer passengers\u2019.\u00a02<\/sup><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Not all the cabin passengers approved: there were complaints about \u2018the impudence of steerage\u2019, and one remarked that \u2018even the poorest imagine that they will be grand folk in New Zealand\u2019.\u00a03<\/sup>Conditions in steerage<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Writing of the conditions in steerage, one cabin passenger commented, \u2018Poor creatures, it is a horrible place between decks, so many people in so small a space, I wonder how they live\u2019.\u00a04<\/sup>\u00a0Steerage passengers slept in tiers of bunks. They were provided with mattresses, but not bedding. Bunk space was cramped, and tables and forms occupied the spaces between tiers. The headroom between decks could be as little as 1.8 metres.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Steerage was divided into three compartments: single men occupied the forward area, next to the crew\u2019s quarters; single women were aft; and married couples were in the middle. Separate hatchways gave access to each compartment.The cuddy<\/p>\n <\/p>\n When Michael Studholme named the first small hut on his Te Waimate sheep station in South Canterbury in 1854 he brought the nautical term \u2018cuddy\u2019 ashore. At sea, this was the saloon cabin at the stern, in which the wealthier immigrants travelled in greater comfort than those in steerage. The use of the word for a cramped but snug hut seems to be confined to New Zealand. There is also a surviving cuddy at Mt Gladstone in Marlborough.Church services<\/p>\n <\/p>\n During religious services the separation between cabin and steerage was relaxed. On the\u00a0Lord Auckland<\/em>\u00a0(1842) the captain initially read prayers to the cabin passengers in the cuddy (the saloon cabin), while the doctor read them to the steerage passengers and crew below. Later on this voyage, all the passengers assembled on the main deck for prayers. Finally steerage passengers were admitted to the cuddy for prayers.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Eventually it became usual for cabin and steerage passengers to form a single congregation. Shipboard concerts also brought passengers of all classes together as both performers and audience.Single women<\/p>\n <\/p>\n On ships with all-male crews and single men as passengers, the character and future prospects of single female immigrants were thought to be at risk. Men were denied access to the women\u2019s compartments, and captains were instructed to \u2018prohibit familiarities\u2019 between unmarried men and women.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n When the\u00a0Friedeberg<\/em>\u00a0sailed without a matron in 1872, a \u2018serious breach of discipline\u2019 resulted. Two men gained access to the single women\u2019s compartment by night, but the surgeon judged it \u2018more a case of frolicsome mischief\u2019 than anything else.\u00a05<\/sup><\/p>\n <\/p>\n The vulnerability of single women to the attentions of young upper-class men, who tended to look on single, lower-class women as \u2018fair game\u2019, was one argument against having cabin passengers on emigrant ships.<\/p>\n Source:Encyclopedia of New Zealand: http:\/\/www.teara.govt.nz\/en\/the-voyage-out\/page-3<\/p>\n <\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Assisted immigrants Some immigrants paid for their own passages, but many had their fares paid by colonisation companies or the government. They travelled in steerage \u2013 a low-ceilinged space beneath the main deck. Those paying their own way were usually in \u2018second\u2019 or \u2018intermediate\u2019 cabins, or in a saloon cabin below the poop deck, at […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":54,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stc_notifier_status":"","_stc_notifier_sent_time":"","_stc_notifier_request":false,"_stc_notifier_prevent":false,"_stc_subscriber_keywords":"","_stc_subscriber_search_areas":"","nf_dc_page":"","_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"\r\n Assisted immigrants<\/p>\r\n\r\n Some immigrants paid for their own passages, but many had their fares paid by colonisation companies or the government. They travelled in steerage \u2013 a low-ceilinged space beneath the main deck. Those paying their own way were usually in \u2018second\u2019 or \u2018intermediate\u2019 cabins, or in a saloon cabin below the poop deck, at the stern. In 1866 the cheapest saloon fare was more than three times that of steerage. Steerage passengers generally outnumbered those in the cabins by 10 to 1.Class distinctions<\/p>\r\n\r\n Britain\u2019s class distinctions continued on board. Privileged cabin passengers enjoyed more space, privacy and better food. When the\u00a0Otago<\/em>\u00a0paused at the island of Madeira in 1879, fresh fruit was brought on board, but it was \u2018all for the cabin\u2019. Down in steerage, class resentment sometimes simmered. One reason given by the surgeon of the\u00a0Christian McAusland<\/em>\u00a0(1872) for keeping cabin passengers off emigrant ships was that \u2018an ignorant and unreasoning lot of agricultural people are made doubly discontented and dissatisfied at only viewing the cabin victuals, livestock and fresh meat etc. which they are unable to obtain\u2019.\u00a01<\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\n However, on many ships rigid class distinctions began to break down, anticipating New Zealand\u2019s more fluid class structure. Some cabin passengers mingled with those in steerage. The explorer and writer Samuel Butler formed a choir on the\u00a0Roman Emperor<\/em>\u00a0through which, he said, he was \u2018glad \u2026 to form the acquaintance of many of the poorer passengers\u2019.\u00a02<\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\n Not all the cabin passengers approved: there were complaints about \u2018the impudence of steerage\u2019, and one remarked that \u2018even the poorest imagine that they will be grand folk in New Zealand\u2019.\u00a03<\/sup>Conditions in steerage<\/p>\r\n\r\n Writing of the conditions in steerage, one cabin passenger commented, \u2018Poor creatures, it is a horrible place between decks, so many people in so small a space, I wonder how they live\u2019.\u00a04<\/sup>\u00a0Steerage passengers slept in tiers of bunks. They were provided with mattresses, but not bedding. Bunk space was cramped, and tables and forms occupied the spaces between tiers. The headroom between decks could be as little as 1.8 metres.<\/p>\r\n\r\n Steerage was divided into three compartments: single men occupied the forward area, next to the crew\u2019s quarters; single women were aft; and married couples were in the middle. Separate hatchways gave access to each compartment.The cuddy<\/p>\r\n\r\n When Michael Studholme named the first small hut on his Te Waimate sheep station in South Canterbury in 1854 he brought the nautical term \u2018cuddy\u2019 ashore. At sea, this was the saloon cabin at the stern, in which the wealthier immigrants travelled in greater comfort than those in steerage. The use of the word for a cramped but snug hut seems to be confined to New Zealand. There is also a surviving cuddy at Mt Gladstone in Marlborough.Church services<\/p>\r\n\r\n During religious services the separation between cabin and steerage was relaxed. On the\u00a0Lord Auckland<\/em>\u00a0(1842) the captain initially read prayers to the cabin passengers in the cuddy (the saloon cabin), while the doctor read them to the steerage passengers and crew below. Later on this voyage, all the passengers assembled on the main deck for prayers. Finally steerage passengers were admitted to the cuddy for prayers.<\/p>\r\n\r\n Eventually it became usual for cabin and steerage passengers to form a single congregation. Shipboard concerts also brought passengers of all classes together as both performers and audience.Single women<\/p>\r\n\r\n On ships with all-male crews and single men as passengers, the character and future prospects of single female immigrants were thought to be at risk. Men were denied access to the women\u2019s compartments, and captains were instructed to \u2018prohibit familiarities\u2019 between unmarried men and women.<\/p>\r\n\r\n When the\u00a0Friedeberg<\/em>\u00a0sailed without a matron in 1872, a \u2018serious breach of discipline\u2019 resulted. Two men gained access to the single women\u2019s compartment by night, but the surgeon judged it \u2018more a case of frolicsome mischief\u2019 than anything else.\u00a05<\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\n The vulnerability of single women to the attentions of young upper-class men, who tended to look on single, lower-class women as \u2018fair game\u2019, was one argument against having cabin passengers on emigrant ships.
Source:Encyclopedia of New Zealand: http:\/\/www.teara.govt.nz\/en\/the-voyage-out\/page-3<\/p>\r\n","_et_gb_content_width":"","h5ap_radio_sources":[],"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","footnotes":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"authors":[],"root_bruce":[854],"tags_bruce":[],"history":[],"media_bruce":[],"history_bruce":[1068],"families_bruce":[1030],"eras_bruce":[1017,1021],"class_list":["post-2949","bc_posts","type-bc_posts","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","root_bruce-lawrence-bruce","history_bruce-all-history-bruce","families_bruce-all-families-bc","eras_bruce-all-eras","eras_bruce-1800-1899"],"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newearthvillage.com\/spriggs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bc_posts\/2949","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newearthvillage.com\/spriggs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bc_posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newearthvillage.com\/spriggs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/bc_posts"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newearthvillage.com\/spriggs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newearthvillage.com\/spriggs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2949"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.newearthvillage.com\/spriggs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bc_posts\/2949\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10114,"href":"https:\/\/www.newearthvillage.com\/spriggs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bc_posts\/2949\/revisions\/10114"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newearthvillage.com\/spriggs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"authors","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newearthvillage.com\/spriggs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/authors?post=2949"},{"taxonomy":"root_bruce","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newearthvillage.com\/spriggs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/root_bruce?post=2949"},{"taxonomy":"tags_bruce","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newearthvillage.com\/spriggs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags_bruce?post=2949"},{"taxonomy":"history","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newearthvillage.com\/spriggs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/history?post=2949"},{"taxonomy":"media_bruce","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newearthvillage.com\/spriggs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media_bruce?post=2949"},{"taxonomy":"history_bruce","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newearthvillage.com\/spriggs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/history_bruce?post=2949"},{"taxonomy":"families_bruce","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newearthvillage.com\/spriggs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/families_bruce?post=2949"},{"taxonomy":"eras_bruce","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newearthvillage.com\/spriggs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/eras_bruce?post=2949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}